How Flooding Impacts Everything Including Weddings

I live in Brisbane, Australia, and my city is in crisis at the moment with floodwaters rising rapidly and 90,000 homes and businesses about to feel the full affect. Floodwaters create havoc not only for individuals but for many businesses as well.

Summer is peak time here for weddings and there will be many who have booked venues along the river. One of our iconic restaurants, Drift, formerly known as Oxley's, was on a pontoon and one of the most popular restaurants in Brisbane. We saw footage a short time ago showing that it has been washed away and is floating down the river acting as a missile. This restaurant has been part of the Brisbane scene for many years and hosted thousands of wedding receptions.

You have to feel for those couples who have already booked the venue for their reception and to see it washed away must be disheartening. The problem for many of them will be finding a venue in time for their weddings.

There are also problems getting supplies into the city and the majority of venues source their flowers from a huge local market which is now under water.

There are so many businesses affected by natural disasters such as floods and it takes a long time for people to get back on their feet and businesses to pick up the pieces and start all over again.

Let's just hope that weddings planned at this time will still be able to go ahead and that the majority of venues along the river will survive.

The Night Before Hurricane Gilbert Struck Silver Sands Jamaica

It's easy to forget the rest of the World when one is relaxing on the beach at Silver Sands Jamaica. Back in the 1980s, my wife and I lived and worked in Kingston. Our weekends were made special as we would go to our second home, Endless Summer Villa at Silver Sands, on Friday evenings and return to Kingston on Sunday nights. We would leave the real World behind, tune out and not even listen to the news while we were there, dedicating our time to windsurfing and relaxing on the beach.

So while we thought that 11 September 1988 was just another normal Sunday in paradise, Hurricane Gilbert, unknowing to us, was bearing down on the island. Jamaica's previous direct hit by a hurricane was Charlie in the 1950s, so this Gilbert was very big news. So big in fact, that no one could imagine that my wife and I did not know about it, so no one bothered to tell us.

When we inquired of some of our friends why they were leaving the beach unexpectedly early that Sunday afternoon, they told us that they were heading back home to Kingston to make preparations before Gilbert hit later that night. We had been lulled into a false sense of security at Silver Sands as we did not particularly hurry to pack up and head back to Kingston with my mother and our great dane, Lottie, not leaving until sundown. This proved to be a big mistake.

About half-an-hour into the journey, we encountered the hardest rain I have ever experienced. Visibility was reduced to a few yards and water was pooling in the roads. I decided that shortly the roads ahead would be flooded and impassable, so I decided to abort the journey and return to Silver Sands.

As we entered Silver Sands from the East and passed near the cemetery, the car hydroplaned and I lost control completely. There was no danger of collision with any other vehicles as the roads were deserted, but the car picked up speed and skidded sideways for many yards before it hit the North bank and rolled over into the field and back onto its wheels again.

When I collected my thoughts, I checked, and my wife, mother and I were fine, but the back window of the Volvo had shattered and Lottie was nowhere to be seen. As we made our way in the dark through the field to the road, we shouted for Lottie but she did not appear. There was nowhere to shelter in the pouring rain but luckily a vehicle came by after a few minutes and the driver picked us up and took us down to Endless Summer Villa.

After we had dried off and changed out of our wet clothes and recovered somewhat from the shock, it was time to batten down and prepare for Hurricane Gilbert. But we could only think of Lottie and wonder what had happened to her. My wife decided that she would start the hurricane preparations and that I had to go back to find Lottie.

So I left her and my mother and set off alone walking in the pouring rain up the hill back to Duncans to search for Lottie as the massive hurricane was fast approaching the island. Everywhere was quiet, no one out and about, and not a car on the road. I made my way in the dark to the scene of the accident and looked at the wreck in horror, wondering how we emerged from that without injury. Thank goodness we always wore our seat-belts even back then before it became compulsory.

I searched the area, shouting "Lottie" with as much energy as I could muster. The task seemed impossible as Lottie was as black as the night itself, and the sound of the rain and thunder drowned out my voice.

But after about half an hour of searching, luck became my friend and a dark figure appeared in the distance, making its way towards me at great speed. Lottie nearly knocked me over when she jumped up and rested her front paws on my shoulders, her head inches from my face. I had never seen her so glad to see me and the feeling was mutual.

I walked back down to Endless Summer Villa, Lottie at my side, and we made a dramatic entrance, much to the delight of my wife and mother. But celebrations had to be short-lived as the thought of approaching Gilbert meant that we had a lot to do to prepare before the hurricane hit Silver Sands Jamaica.

Keswick Weather - Did You Realise How Much It Rains in The Lakes?

It was only when I moved away from the Lakes that I realised that other places didn't seem to rain quite as much, but I've never actually looked at the numbers to see if the weather in the Lakes really is that much worse.

So, I'm going to take this opportunity to compare Keswick weather with that of the UK capital London just a couple of hundred miles away.

Keswick is a beautiful market town which is situated in the Northern Lake District, it sits between two lakes; the relatively quiet lake Bassenthwaite and the much busier and closer Derwent Water. It's also at the foot of England's 4th highest fell Skiddaw.

The name Lake District in itself gives away the fact that the Weather in Keswick is likely to be wetter than elsewhere but Questions I'd like to cover here are:

1. What weather difference can we actually see compared to elsewhere in the UK? 2. How do these differences vary by season? 3. If it really does rain more in Keswick and the Lake district than in other places in the UK, what are the reasons for this?

Firstly lets investigate if there really is a difference in the weather in Keswick and other parts of the country, I'll compare vs the most populated city in the UK, London.

Average temperature Centigrade

Month London

January - 5 February - 5 March - 8 April - 9 May - 13 June - 16 July - 18 August - 18 September - 16 October - 12 November - 8 December - 6

Month Keswick

January - 5 February - 4 March - 6 April - 10 May - 12 June - 15 July - 17 August - 16 September - 14 October - 10 November - 7 December - 4

In Absolute terms, the temperature in Keswick is generally colder than London, however this is usually only by between 1- 2 degrees, in % terms December is 33% colder but the maximum difference is 2C.

To investigate a little further I've looked at the average temperature range between high and low for the two locations -

Temperature range Centigrade

Month London

January - 5 February - 5 March - 7 April - 8 May - 9 June - 9 July - 10 August - 10 September - 9 October - 6 November - 6 December - 4

Month Keswick

January - 3 February - 4 March - 4 April - 5 May - 5 June - 4 July - 5 August - 5 September - 4 October - 5 November - 3 December - 4

From this we can see that while the average temperatures don't show significant variance the range of temperatures in London are roughly double those of Keswick between March to November, whats more the actual figures show that the variance is significantly skewed to the higher temperatures, so in conclusion London can be significantly warmer than Keswick.

Now lets take a look at rainfall -

Rainfall mm

Month London

January - 60 February - 40 March - 60 April - 50 May - 50 June - 60 July - 50 August - 50 September - 40 October - 70 November - 40 December - 60

Month Keswick

January - 164 February - 141 March - 118 April - 85 May - 71 June - 76 July - 62 August - 91 September - 89 October - 155 November - 137 December - 164

As you can see the figures are quite startling and show that between the month's of September to March there is much more rainfall in Keswick than London, for example in each of the months December and January there is over 100mm more rain in Keswick and in February there is 3.5 times the amount of rain that falls in London.

Seasonal Variation

Variation in average temperature by season is fairly static, there is a greater increase in the monthly temperature range over summer in London, however the major difference can be seen when comparing rainfall levels. While in absolute terms Keswick has more rain than London for each month of the year this is markedly so during Autumn, winter and early spring.

Why does it Rain More in Keswick?

So, now that we've established that it really does rain more in Keswick than London, what are the reasons for this? It's actually quite simple, the Lake District and Keswick are relatively close to the Sea, the prevailing westerly winds blow across the Atlantic and pick up moisture. As the clouds hit the Lake district or more specifically the Lake District mountains, the air is forced to rise, this in turn cools the air and the moisture picked up condenses and turns into water. This is termed Relief or orographic rainfall.

In conclusion it's generally a little colder in Keswick than London but the main difference is the rainfall, while visiting in the summer months you won't see such a significant difference in absolute terms in the Autumn and winter months you need to go prepared for rain... however this is the Lakes, it's a place of adventure so don't hide from the rain.. embrace it in the great outdoors!

The Climate Of Lahore in December

The climate of Lahore in the month of December is one of the best climates found on the surface of the globe. The days are sunny and bright with moderate temperature and nights are comfortably cool. The following is a brief account of its temperature and Precipitation in the month of December.

Temperature:

The day time temperatures are around 77 F ( 25 C ) at the beginning of the month. By the middle of the month they come down to 72 ( 22 C) and by the end of the month they are around 68 F ( 20 C). The night temperatures show a similar trend. At the onset of December they are around 54 F ( 12 C). By the time, half of the month is gone, the thermometer records temperatures in the range of 48 F ( 9 C) and by the end of the months the temperatures as low as 41 F ( 5 C) must be expected. It must be remembered, however that the chill is confined to a very short period between late night and very early morning. Since the sky is generally very clear and free of clouds, the temperature becomes quite comfortable by about 9 AM and remains so till about 12 at night.

Precipitation:

The precipitation is in the form of rainfall which comes whenever the western disturbance visits this area. Western disturbance is a rain bearing system with its origin in the Mediterranean Sea. It reaches Pakistan after giving rain all the way to Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan. So by the time it reaches Lahore, which is the one of the easternmost cities, the system has lost much of its moisture. This is the reason that the monthly average at Lahore is only 0.5 of an inch ( 13 mm) in the month of December. This makes Lahore an ideal place for the tourists to visit its many of the historical monuments Like the Great Moghal Mosque, Shalamar Gardens and Lahore Fort etc.

Humidity:

The air is usually dry and the mean relative humidity varies from 60 percent is the early morning to less than 30 percent by late evening. The air is crisp and bracing and the winds light. This low relative humidity adds to the beauty of the climate of Lahore since the foreigner feels quite comfortable in such climatic conditions.

In short, the climate of Lahore in December is sunny, bright and beautiful with moderate temperatures and little precipitation.

The Burning of Texas

It was Labor Day weekend and many Texans celebrated what traditionally marks the end of the summer. However, on this year's holiday, many could not celebrate as they normally would. For over a month the temperature rose above 100 degrees causing many to stay indoors under the comfort of air conditioning. For all those that normally would have taken to the lake, conditions were not in their favor. According to the Lower Colorado River Authority, from October 2010 to July 2011 it has been the driest period in Texas since rainfall records began to be kept back in 1895. As the months continued, rain still has not come as it has been needed. The water levels in many lakes created hazardous conditions for boaters and authorities had to close down the boat ramps. Many popular restaurants on the lake shut their doors all together due to the drought. Under these conditions of such persistent heat and dryness it comes as no surprise that wildfires would find a welcome breeding ground. According to the Texas Forest Service there are now 250 out of 254 Texas counties to have issued burn bans. By their observations, the vast majority of fires were set by people, mostly in cases of arson, though some accidentally as well. In an effort to weigh in on the matter whilst staying busy focusing on his presidential bid outside the state, Governor Rick Perry has recognized the arson problem and has called for the Texas State Legislature to increase the maximum prison term for arson from 30 years to life.

So far this year there have been well over 10,000 fires in Texas. By mid April it was up to 8,000 and by late June nearly 13,000. According to Texas Forest Service reporting up to September 2 there has now been over 18,612 fires in the state with 3,486,124 acres burned. Thousands upon thousands of homes have been lost and so far there are two confirmed casualties. Right now as the fires continue to burn throughout the state, with the Bastrop fires near Austin being among the largest, a state-wide search and rescue operation is in effect with officers moving from house to house to estimate the damage and look for additional casualties. After hearing of the two deaths, Governor Perry deployed the elite search and rescue unit Texas Task Force 1 to join the search. Nearly every year parts of Texas experience drought-like conditions and counties throughout the state issue burn bans as a precaution against wildfires. To date the highest number of burn bans throughout the state was in 2006 when it was set at 221. This year nearly every single county has issued one. Many climatologists have examined the situation in Texas to see the makings of a perfect storm as it applies to the requisites for wildfires. Added to the historic drought conditions and low humidity come the high winds of Tropical Storm Lee. All it needs is a match to be thrown to start an uncontainable fire, and it seems that many arsonists have been more than willing to do just that.

So far there has been a full court press coming from all relevant local, state and federal agencies, according to the Texas Forest Service. After over $5 billion in damages, over 3,000 homes and structures lost over the last year and 5000 homes evacuated, many agencies are stepping in to stop the blaze. President Barack Obama has tasked the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the U.S. Forest Service to provide direct support to Texas. Moreover, at Governor Perry's request, Texas has received eight federally funded Fire Management Assistance Grants to help pay the costs of the firefighting. So far for 2011, this makes 53 such grants to the state of Texas and allows FEMA to pay 75 percent of state and local government firefighting costs. This money is allocated through the President's Disaster Relief Fund.

While the damage continues to spread, there does appear to be some relief as some of the larger fires in Bastrop have been marginally contained. The year of 2011 has set numerous records in the area of fires and firefighting. Out of 254 counties, the Texas Forest Service has fought wildfires in 199. The most gallons of water and retardant dropped in firefighting efforts on record occurred on 1 September 2011 with 1,188,883 gallons. While there are no doubt larger issues regarding state preparation for drought and wildfires, or even long-term considerations of climate change, it does appear that progress is being made in the here and now with stopping the fires.

The Climate Of Pangkor

Pangkor is a small and beautiful island off the west coast of peninsular Malaysia. It is famous for its sunny and mild climate.

Since Pangkor is a tropical island, the temperatures remain high throughout the year, The highs are around 86 F and lows are typically around 75 F. So there is a little difference between the day and night temperatures. The seasonal variations are also slight. The hottest month can be around 81 F and the lowest 78 F. The climate is so mild that the all time low here has been 55 F.

Although the total annual rainfall is close to 80 inches, the real rainy season just last from November to February but even the rain in this period is not so heavy as is elsewhere is Malaysia. A heavy downpour can come in early morning but the rest of the day can be as sunny as ever. Also during rains, the weather becomes more pleasant and compatible to the foreigners. By far months from May to September are the best with average monthly rainfall less than 6 inches in each month and days with rain or drizzle about 10 on the average.

Being an island, the average relative humidity remains high throughout the year but the bracing cool air more than offset it. It is around 80 percent throughout the year. But despite this humidity the days with fog are few and far between.

From above description, it follows that Pangkor is a tropical island with good rainfall, lot of sunshine and uniformly high temperatures throughout the year.